Data-Driven Event-Triggered Control Dealing With Noisy Data

Xian-Ming Zhang; Qing-Long Han; Xiaohua Ge

doi:10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

JCR Impact Factor: 19.2, Top 1 (SCI Q1)

CiteScore: 28.2, Top 1% (Q1)
Google Scholar h5-index: 95， TOP 5

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica > 2026 > In Press, Accepted Manuscript

X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, and X. Ge, “Data-driven event-triggered control dealing with noisy data,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–12, Mar. 2026. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

Citation:

X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, and X. Ge, “Data-driven event-triggered control dealing with noisy data,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–12, Mar. 2026. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, and X. Ge, “Data-driven event-triggered control dealing with noisy data,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–12, Mar. 2026. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

Citation:

X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, and X. Ge, “Data-driven event-triggered control dealing with noisy data,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–12, Mar. 2026. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

PDF( 1554 KB)

Data-Driven Event-Triggered Control Dealing With Noisy Data

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

More Information

Author Bio:
Xian-Ming Zhang (Senior Member, IEEE) received the M.Sc. degree in applied mathematics and the Ph.D. degree in control theory and control engineering from Central South University in 1992 and 2006, respectively. In 1992, he joined Central South University, where he was an Associate Professor with the School of Mathematics and Statistics. From 2007 to 2016, he was a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and a Lecturer with the School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia, and a Lecturer with the Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia. In 2016, he joined the Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, where he is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Software and Electrical Engineering. His current research interests include data driven control, networked control and filtering, event-triggered control, security control, delayed neural networks, multi-agent systems, and time-delay systems. Associate Professor Zhang was a recipient of second National Natural Science Award in China in 2013, the IET Premium Award in 2016 and 2020, the IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica Norbert Wiener Review Award in 2020, and the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics Outstanding Paper Award in 2020. He is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Robust Nonlinear Control, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Neurocomputing, and the IET Control Theory and Applications

Qing-Long Han (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree in mathematics from Shandong Normal University in 1983, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in control engineering from East China University of Science and Technology in 1992 and 1997, respectively. Professor Han is Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research Quality) and a Distinguished Professor at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. He held various academic and management positions at Griffith University and Central Queensland University, Australia. His research interests include networked control systems, multi-agent systems, time-delay systems, smart grids, unmanned surface vehicles, and neural networks. Professor Han was awarded the 2024 IEEE Dr.-Ing. Eugene Mittelmann Achievement Award (the Highest Achievement Award in Industrial Electronics), the 2024 Chinese Association of Automation (CAA) Science and Technology Achievement Award (the Highest Achievement Award of CAA in Automation, Information and Intelligent Science), the 2021 Norbert Wiener Award (the Highest Achievement Award in Systems Science and Engineering, and Cybernetics), and the 2021 M. A. Sargent Medal (the Highest Achievement Award of the Electrical College Board of Engineers Australia). He was the recipient of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society Andrew P. Sage Best Transactions Paper Award in 2019, 2020, and 2022, respectively, the IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica Norbert Wiener Review Award in 2020, and the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics Outstanding Paper Award in 2020. Professor Han is a Member of the Academia Europaea (The Academy of Europe). He is a Fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control (FIFAC), a Fellow of the Asian Control Association (FACA), an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineers Australia (HonFIEAust), and a Fellow of the Chinese Association of Automation (FCAA). He is a Highly Cited Researcher in both Engineering and Computer Science (Clarivate). He has served as an AdCom Member of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES), a Member of IEEE IES Fellows Committee, a Member of IEEE IES Publications Committee, Chair of IEEE IES Technical Committee on Network-Based Control Systems and Applications, and the Co-Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. He is currently the President-Elect, an Executive Board Member, and a Steering Committee Member of the Asian Control Association (ACA). He is currently the Vice-President of the Chinese Association of Automation (CAA). He is currently the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

Xiaohua Ge (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia, in 2014. From 2015 to 2017, he was a Research Fellow with the Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia. He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. His research interests include networked control, cooperative autonomy, swarm/collective intelligence, and cyber-physical security and resilience, and their applications in robotics, autonomous/connected/electric vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, energy management systems, etc. Dr. Ge serves/served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, and IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica
Corresponding author: Qing-Long Han, e-mail: qhan@swin.edu.au
Received Date: 2025-08-11
Revised Date: 2025-12-25
Accepted Date: 2026-01-07

Available Online: 2026-03-11

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is concerned with event-triggered control that deals with noisy data for both discrete-time and continuous-time linear systems with unknown system matrices. First, based on a sufficiently rich finite set of noisy data collected in an experiment, the pair of system matrices is represented as a data-based nominal matrix plus an uncertain matrix with a bounded norm. This formulation enables classical robust control techniques to be applied to tackle the robust control problem. Second, for discrete-time systems, a novel event-triggering condition is proposed, by which an event is triggered if the sum of the squares of the weighted error exceeds the square of the weighted state from the previous event. For continuous-time systems, the event-triggering condition is devised as a monotonically increasing function that starts with a negative value and triggers an event when it reaches zero. This condition can exclude the so-called Zeno behaviour due to its monotonic increase property. Third, by employing a looped functional method, several criteria are derived to co-design suitable state feedback controllers and event-triggering parameters for the systems under study. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study involving a batch reactor system.
- Data-driven control,
- event-triggered control,
- looped functional method,
- noisy data

FullText(HTML)

References(29)

References

[1]	K.-E. Åarzén, “A simple event-based PID controller,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 8687–8692, Jul. 1999. doi: 10.1016/S1474-6670(17)57482-0
[2]	P. Tabuada, “Event-triggered real-time scheduling of stabilizing control tasks,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1680–1685, Sep. 2007. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.904277
[3]	A. Girard, “Dynamic triggering mechanisms for event-triggered control,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 1992–1997, Jul. 2015. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2014.2366855
[4]	X. Wang, J. Sun, G. Wang, F. Allgöwer, and J. Chen, “Data-driven control of distributed event-triggered network systems,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 351–364, Feb. 2023. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2023.123225
[5]	Y. Hu, C. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Zhao, X. Gong, J. Gao, and H. Chen, “Noise-tolerant ZNN-based data-driven iterative learning control for discrete nonaffine nonlinear MIMO repetitive systems,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 344–361, Feb. 2024. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2023.123603
[6]	W. Yang, S. Li, and X. Luo, “Data driven vibration control: A review,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1898–1917, Sep. 2024. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2024.124431
[7]	Z. Zhang, H. Jiang, D. Shen, and S. S. Saab, “Data-driven learning control algorithms for unachievable tracking problems,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 205–218, Jan. 2024. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2023.123756
[8]	J. C. Willems, P. Rapisarda, I. Markovsky, and B. L. M. De Moor, “A note on persistency of excitation,” Syst. Control Lett., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 325–329, Apr. 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2004.09.003
[9]	C. De Persis and P. Tesi, “Formulas for data-driven control: Stabilization, optimality, and robustness,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 909–924, Mar. 2020. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2019.2959924
[10]	C. De Persis, R. Postoyan, and P. Tesi, “Event-triggered control from data,” IEEE Trans. Autom Control, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3780–3795, Jun. 2024. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2023.3335002
[11]	D. P. Borgers and W. P. M. H. Heemels, “Event-separation properties of event-triggered control systems,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 2644–2656, Oct. 2014. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2014.2325272
[12]	T. Xu, Z. Sun, G. Wen, and Z. Duan, “Data-driven dynamic event-triggered control,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 8804–8811, Dec. 2024. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2024.3417088
[13]	K. Zheng, D. Shi, and Y. Shi, “Safety-critical randomized event-triggered learning of Gaussian process with applications to data-driven predictive control,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 3920–3935, Jun. 2025. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2024.3523682
[14]	V. Digge and R. Pasumarthy, “Data-driven event-triggered control for discrete-time LTI systems,” in Proc. Eur. Control Conf., London, UK, 2022, pp. 1355−1360.
[15]	X. Wang, J. Berberich, J. Sun, G. Wang, F. Allgöwer, and J. Chen, “Model-based and data-driven control of event- and self-triggered discrete-time linear systems,” IEEE Trans. Cybern., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 6066–6079, Sep. 2023. doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2023.3272216
[16]	A. Bisoffi, C. De Persis, and P. Tesi, “Data-driven control via Petersen’s lemma,” Automatica, vol. 145, p. 110537, Nov. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110537
[17]	K. Liu and E. Fridman, “Wirtinger’s inequality and Lyapunov-based sampled-data stabilization,” Automatica, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 102–108, Jan. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.09.029
[18]	H. J. van Waarde, M. K. Camlibel, and M. Mesbahi, “From noisy data to feedback controllers: Nonconservative design via a matrix S-lemma,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 162–175, Jan. 2022. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2020.3047577
[19]	X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, X. Ge, and B.-L. Zhang, “Accumulative-error-based event-triggered control for discrete-time linear systems: A discrete-time looped functional method,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 683–693, Apr. 2025. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2024.124476
[20]	I. R. Petersen, “A stabilization algorithm for a class of uncertain linear systems,” Syst. Control Lett., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 351–357, Mar. 1987. doi: 10.1016/0167-6911(87)90102-2
[21]	X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, B. Zhang, and X. Ge, “Monotonically-increasing-function-based event-triggered sampling scheme for stabilization of networked nonlinear system,” it Sci. China Inf. Sci., vol. 69, no. 5, p. 152201, May 2026.
[22]	X.-M. Zhang, Q.-L. Han, B.-L. Zhang, X. Ge, and D. Zhang, “Accumulated-state-error-based event-triggered sampling scheme and its application to H_∞ control of sampled-data systems,” Sci. China Inf. Sci., vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 162206:1–162206:14, May 2024. doi: 10.1007/s11432-023-4038-3
[23]	A. Seuret, “A novel stability analysis of linear systems under asynchronous samplings,” Automatica, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 177–182, Jan. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.09.033
[24]	X. Wang and M. Lemmon, “On event design in event-triggered feedback systems,” Automatica, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2319–2322, Oct. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.05.027
[25]	W. P. M. H. Heemels, K. H. Johansson, and P. Tabuada, “An introduction to event-triggered and self-triggered control,” in Proc. 51st IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, Maui, Hawaii, USA, 2012, pp. 3270−3285.
[26]	G. C. Walsh and H. Ye, “Scheduling of networked control systems,” IEEE Control Syst. Mag., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 57–65, Feb. 2001. doi: 10.1109/37.898792
[27]	M. Han, L. Wang, Y. Yuan, and X. Luo, “SGD-DyG: Self-reliant global dependency apprehending on dynamic graphs,” in Proc. 31st ACM SIGKDD Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Toronto, Canada, 2025, pp. 802−813.
[28]	Y. Yuan, Y. Wang, and X. Luo, “A node-collaboration-informed graph convolutional network for highly accurate representation to undirected weighted graph,” IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 11507–11519, Jun. 2025. doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2024.3514652
[29]	L. Wang, K. Liu, and Y. Yuan, “GT-A.2T: Graph tensor alliance attention network,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 2165–2167, Oct. 2025. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2024.124863

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(7)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (93) PDF downloads(9)

Data-Driven Event-Triggered Control Dealing With Noisy Data

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2026.125867

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Export File

Citation

Format

Content