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Volume 10 Issue 9
Sep.  2023

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

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Article Navigation >  IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica  > 2023  >  10(9): 1845-1859
A. M. Mangini and M. Roccotelli, “Innovative services for electric mobility based on virtual sensors and Petri Nets,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1845–1859, Sept. 2023. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2023.123699
Citation: A. M. Mangini and M. Roccotelli, “Innovative services for electric mobility based on virtual sensors and Petri Nets,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1845–1859, Sept. 2023. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2023.123699
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Innovative Services for Electric Mobility Based on Virtual Sensors and Petri Nets

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2023.123699
Funds:  This work was supported by the Italian project POR Puglia FESR 2014–2020 “Research for Innovation (REFIN)” (8473A73) and the MOST–Sustainable Mobility National Research Center, receiving funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR) – MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4 – D.D. 1033 17/06/2022, CN00000023). This manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions, neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them
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    Abstract
  • About 60% of emissions into the earth’s atmosphere are produced by the transport sector, caused by exhaust gases from conventional internal combustion engines. An effective solution to this problem is electric mobility, which significantly reduces the rate of urban pollution. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) has to be encouraged and facilitated by new information and communication technology (ICT) tools. To help achieve this goal, this paper proposes innovative services for electric vehicle users aimed at improving travel and charging experience. The goal is to provide a smart service to allow drivers to find the most appropriate charging solutions during a trip based on information such as the vehicle’s current position, battery type, state of charge, nearby charge point availability, and compatibility. In particular, the drivers are supported so that they can find and book the preferred charge option according to time availability and the final cost of the charge points (CPs). To this purpose, two virtual sensors (VSs) are designed, modeled and simulated in order to provide the users with an innovative service for smart CP searching and booking. In particular, the first VS is devoted to locate and find available CPs in a preferred area, whereas the second VS calculates the charging cost for the EV and supports the driver in the booking phase. A UML activity diagram describes VSs operations and cooperation, while a UML sequence diagram highlights data exchange between the VSs and other electromobility ecosystem actors (CP operator, EV manufacturer, etc.). Furthermore, two timed Petri Nets (TPNs) are designed to model the proposed VSs, functioning and interactions as discrete event systems. The Petri Nets are synchronized by a single larger TPN that is simulated in different use cases and scenarios to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed VSs.

     

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    Highlights

    • The paper studies the use of Virtual Sensors (VSs) in the field of electromobility and proposes services, mainly related to the charge planning of an Electric Vehicle (EV)
    • The paper presents Virtual Sensors (VSs) in the electromobility ecosystem by a sensor-cloud platform in which both physical and virtual data sources coexist
    • The Virtual Sensor algorithms are described by means of a Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram and modeled (and simulated) by different Timed Petri Nets (TPNs)

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